Membership of the United Nations Security Council is held by the five permanent members and ten elected (non-permanent) members. Prior to 1966, there were six elected members, while the permanent members have in essence not changed since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, apart from the representation of China. Elected members hold their place on the Council for a two-year term, and half of these places are contested each year. To ensure geographical continuity, a certain number of members is allocated for each of the five unofficial UN regional groupings.
Contents |
Country | Regional Group | Member Since |
---|---|---|
People's Republic of China | Asia-Pacific Group | 1971, replaced the Republic of China |
France | Western European and Others Group | 1946 |
Russian Federation | Eastern European Group | 1991, replaced the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
United Kingdom | Western European and Others Group | 1946 |
United States | Western European and Others Group | 1946 |
Country | Regional Group | Term Began | Term Ends |
---|---|---|---|
Azerbaijan | Eastern European Group | 2012 | 2013 |
Colombia | Latin American & Caribbean Group | 2011 | 2012 |
Germany | Western European and Others Group | 2011 | 2012 |
Guatemala | Latin American & Caribbean Group | 2012 | 2013 |
India | Asia-Pacific Group | 2011 | 2012 |
Morocco | African Group (Arabic Representative) | 2012 | 2013 |
Pakistan | Asia-Pacific Group | 2012 | 2013 |
Portugal | Western European and Others Group | 2011 | 2012 |
South Africa | African Group | 2011 | 2012 |
Togo | African Group | 2012 | 2013 |
In addition, one of the non-permanent members of the council is an Arab country, alternately from the African or Asia-Pacific groups. This rule was added to the system in 1967 for it to be applied beginning with 1968, thus there was no such member elected for 1967. It should be noted that the allocation of Security Council members is unofficial and therefore subject to change.
Each year the UN General Assembly elects five new members for a two-year term; these elections always begin in October of the year, and continue until the two-thirds majority for the number of countries for each region has been reached. Re-election is allowed, but the term must not be consecutive.
Term beginning in years that are: | odd | even |
African Group | one member | two members * |
Asia-Pacific Group | one member | one member * |
Eastern European Group | none | one member |
Latin American & Caribbean Group | one member | one member |
Western European and Others Group | two members | none |
* The representative of Arab nations alternates between these two elected spaces.
From 1946 to 1965, the security council included six non-permanent members. The regional grouping at that time was:
There were some exceptions to this grouping: Liberia took the place of a Western European country in 1961; the Ivory Coast substituted a member of the Commonwealth in 1964-1965; and the Eastern Europe group included Asian countries from 1956.
As part of a proposed expansion of the Security Council, Brazil, Germany, India and Japan, collectively the Group of 4 or G4 nations, are seeking permanent representation on this body.
In the elections of October 2011, the following replacements of sitting members were determined:
Grouping | Finishing term | Beginning term |
---|---|---|
Africa | Gabon | Morocco |
Africa | Nigeria | Togo |
Latin America and Caribbean | Brazil | Guatemala |
Asia-Pacific | Lebanon | Pakistan |
Eastern Europe | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Azerbaijan |
Morocco replaces Lebanon as the Arab representative.
Changes in membership to take effect from 1 January 2012
Year | Latin American Seats | Commonwealth Seat | Eastern European & Asian Seat [3] |
Middle Eastern Seat | Western European Seat | |
1946 | Brazil | Mexico | Australia | Poland | Egypt | Netherlands |
1947 | Colombia | Syria | Belgium | |||
1948 | Argentina | Canada | Ukrainian SSR | |||
1949 | Cuba | Egypt | Norway | |||
1950 | Ecuador | India | Yugoslavia | |||
1951 | Brazil | Turkey | Netherlands | |||
1952 | Chile | Pakistan | Greece | |||
1953 | Colombia | Lebanon | Denmark | |||
1954 | Brazil | New Zealand | Turkey | |||
1955 | Peru | Iran | Belgium | |||
1956 | Cuba | Australia | Yugoslavia | |||
1957 | Colombia | Philippines | Iraq | Sweden | ||
1958 | Panama | Canada | Japan | |||
1959 | Argentina | Tunisia | Italy | |||
1960 | Ecuador | Ceylon | Poland | |||
1961 | Chile | Turkey | United Arab Republic | Liberia [4] | ||
1962 | Venezuela | Ghana | Romania | Ireland | ||
1963 | Brazil | Philippines | Morocco [5] | Norway | ||
1964 | Bolivia | Ivory Coast [6] | Czechoslovakia | |||
1965 | Uruguay | Malaysia | Jordan | Netherlands |
This list contains the 127 United Nations member states so far elected to the United Nations Security Council, including the five permanent members, all listed by number of years each country has so far spent on the UNSC. Of all the members, 6 have so far ceased to exist, leaving the list with 121 modern nations. These, combined with the 72 modern nations that have never been elected to the UNSC to date (see Non-members, below), make up the entirety of the 193 current members of the UN.
Years on the Security Council, as of 2011, including current year where relevant :
Indicates permanent member
Indicates current elected member (2011)
Indicates former United Nations member
Years [9] | Country | First Year | Most Recent Year | Regional Group | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
67 | France | 1946 | 2012 | WEOG | Permanent member |
67 | United Kingdom | 1946 | 2012 | WEOG | Permanent member |
67 | United States | 1946 | 2012 | WEOG | Permanent member |
45 | Soviet Union | 1946 | 1991 | E. European | Former permanent member, replaced by Russian Federation |
42 | People's Republic of China | 1971 | 2012 | Asian | Permanent member |
25 | Republic of China | 1946 | 1971 | Asian | Former permanent member, replaced by People's Republic of China |
22 | Russian Federation | 1991 | 2012 | E. European | Permanent member |
20 | Brazil | 1946 | 2011 | GRULAC | |
20 | Japan | 1958 | 2010 | Asian | |
16 | Argentina | 1948 | 2006 | GRULAC | |
14 | Colombia | 1947 | 2012 | GRULAC | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2012 |
14 | India | 1950 | 2012 | Asian | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2012 |
13 | Pakistan | 1952 | 2012 | Asian | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2013 |
12 | Canada | 1948 | 2000 | WEOG | |
12 | Italy | 1959 | 2008 | WEOG | |
10 | Belgium | 1947 | 2008 | WEOG | |
10 | Germany | 1977 | 2012 | WEOG | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2012. Includes 4 years during which this country occupied a smaller area, and was informally known as West Germany |
10 | Panama | 1958 | 2008 | GRULAC | |
9 | Egypt | 1946 | 1997 | African (Arabic) | Includes 2 years with the seat held in the name of the United Arab Republic, of which for more than 15 months UAR served as the name of modern day Egypt |
9 | Netherlands | 1946 | 2000 | WEOG | |
9 | Poland | 1946 | 1997 | E. European | |
8 | Australia | 1946 | 1986 | WEOG | |
8 | Chile | 1952 | 2004 | GRULAC | |
8 | Denmark | 1953 | 2006 | WEOG | |
8 | Nigeria | 1966 | 2011 | African | |
8 | Norway | 1949 | 2002 | WEOG | |
8 | Peru | 1955 | 2007 | GRULAC | |
8 | Spain | 1969 | 2004 | WEOG | |
8 | Venezuela | 1962 | 1993 | GRULAC | |
7 | Mexico | 1946 | 2010 | GRULAC | |
7 | Romania | 1962 | 2005 | E. European | |
7 | Syria | 1947 | 2003 | Asian (Arabic) | Includes one year (1961) during which the United Arab Republic was a member, for the greater part of which Syria was a member of that union |
7 | Turkey | 1951 | 2010 | WEOG | |
7 | Yugoslavia | 1950 | 1989 | E. European | Predecessor of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia |
6 | Algeria | 1968 | 1989 | African (Arabic) | |
6 | Austria | 1973 | 2010 | WEOG | |
6 | Bulgaria | 1966 | 2003 | E. European | |
6 | Costa Rica | 1974 | 2009 | GRULAC | |
6 | Cuba | 1949 | 1991 | GRULAC | |
6 | Ecuador | 1950 | 1992 | GRULAC | |
6 | Gabon | 1978 | 2011 | African | |
6 | Ghana | 1962 | 2007 | African | |
6 | Indonesia | 1973 | 2008 | Asian | |
6 | Philippines | 1957 | 2004 | Asian | |
6 | Portugal | 1979 | 2012 | WEOG | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2012 |
6 | Sweden | 1957 | 1998 | WEOG | |
6 | Tunisia | 1959 | 2003 | African (Arabic) | |
6 | Ukraine | 1948 | 2001 | E. European | Includes 4 years of membership under the name of Ukrainian SSR. Additionally, Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union during its 45 years of Security Council membership |
6 | Zambia | 1969 | 1988 | African | |
5 | Ireland | 1962 | 2002 | WEOG | |
5 | Malaysia | 1965 | 2000 | Asian | |
5 | Morocco | 1963 | 2012 | African (Arabic) | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2013 |
5 | New Zealand | 1954 | 1994 | WEOG | |
5 | Uganda | 1966 | 2010 | African | |
4 | Bangladesh | 1979 | 2001 | Asian | |
4 | Benin | 1976 | 2005 | African | |
4 | Bolivia | 1964 | 1979 | GRULAC | |
4 | Burkina Faso | 1984 | 2009 | African | For first 7 months of membership of the Security council in 1984 was known as Upper Volta. |
4 | Cameroon | 1974 | 2003 | African | |
4 | Côte d'Ivoire | 1964 | 1991 | African | |
4 | Ethiopia | 1967 | 1990 | African | |
4 | Finland | 1969 | 1990 | WEOG | |
4 | Greece | 1952 | 2006 | WEOG | |
4 | Guinea | 1972 | 2003 | African | |
4 | Guyana | 1975 | 1983 | GRULAC | |
4 | Hungary | 1968 | 1993 | E. European | |
4 | Iraq | 1957 | 1975 | Asian (Arabic) | |
4 | Jamaica | 1979 | 2001 | GRULAC | |
4 | Jordan | 1965 | 1983 | Asian (Arabic) | |
4 | Kenya | 1973 | 1998 | African | |
4 | Lebanon | 1953 | 2011 | Asian (Arabic) | |
4 | Libya | 1976 | 2009 | African (Arabic) | |
4 | Mali | 1966 | 2001 | African | |
4 | Mauritius | 1977 | 2002 | African | |
4 | Nepal | 1969 | 1989 | Asian | |
4 | Nicaragua | 1970 | 1984 | GRULAC | |
4 | Republic of the Congo | 1986 | 2007 | African | |
4 | Senegal | 1968 | 1989 | African | |
4 | South Africa | 2007 | 2012 | African | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2012 |
4 | Tanzania | 1975 | 2006 | African | |
4 | Zaire | 1982 | 1991 | African | Now known as Democratic Republic of the Congo |
4 | Zimbabwe | 1983 | 1992 | African | |
3 | Czechoslovakia | 1964 | 1979 | E. European | Predecessor of Czech Republic and Slovakia |
3 | Togo | 1982 | 2012 | African | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2013 |
2 | Angola | 2003 | 2004 | African | |
2 | Bahrain | 1998 | 1999 | Asian (Arabic) | |
2 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2010 | 2011 | E. European | Was also part of the SFR Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership |
2 | Botswana | 1995 | 1996 | African | |
2 | Burundi | 1970 | 1971 | African | |
2 | Byelorussian SSR | 1974 | 1975 | E. European | Now known as Belarus |
2 | Cape Verde | 1992 | 1993 | African | |
2 | Ceylon | 1960 | 1961 | Asian | Now known as Sri Lanka |
2 | Croatia | 2008 | 2009 | E. European | Was also part of the SFR Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership |
2 | Czech Republic | 1994 | 1995 | E. European | Was also part of Czechoslovakia during its 3 years of Security Council membership |
2 | Djibouti | 1993 | 1994 | African | |
2 | Gambia | 1998 | 1999 | African | |
2 | East Germany | 1980 | 1981 | E. European | Now subsumed into Germany, which has 5 years of Security Council membership since it has included the former territory of East Germany |
2 | Guinea-Bissau | 1996 | 1997 | African | |
2 | Honduras | 1995 | 1996 | GRULAC | |
2 | Iran | 1955 | 1956 | Asian | |
2 | Kuwait | 1978 | 1979 | Asian (Arabic) | |
2 | Madagascar | 1985 | 1986 | African | |
2 | Malta | 1983 | 1984 | WEOG | |
2 | Mauritania | 1974 | 1975 | African | |
2 | Namibia | 1999 | 2000 | African | |
2 | Niger | 1980 | 1981 | African | |
2 | Oman | 1994 | 1995 | Asian (Arabic) | |
2 | Paraguay | 1968 | 1969 | GRULAC | |
2 | Republic of Korea | 1996 | 1997 | Asian | |
2 | Rwanda | 1994 | 1995 | African | |
2 | Sierra Leone | 1970 | 1971 | African | |
2 | Singapore | 2001 | 2002 | Asian | Was also part of Malaysia for several months of 1965 during its membership of the Security Council |
2 | Slovakia | 2006 | 2007 | E. European | Was also part of Czechoslovakia during its 3 years of Security Council membership |
2 | Slovenia | 1998 | 1998 | E. European | Was also part of the SFR Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership |
2 | Somalia | 1971 | 1972 | African | |
2 | Sudan | 1972 | 1973 | African (Arabic) | |
2 | Thailand | 1985 | 1986 | Asian | |
2 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1985 | 1986 | GRULAC | |
2 | Qatar | 2006 | 2007 | Asian (Arabic) | |
2 | United Arab Emirates | 1986 | 1987 | Asian (Arabic) | |
2 | United Arab Republic | 1961 | 1962 | African (Arabic) | Predecessor of Syria and Egypt |
2 | Uruguay | 1965 | 1966 | GRULAC | |
2 | Vietnam | 2008 | 2009 | Asian | |
2 | Yemen | 1990 | 1991 | Asian (Arabic) | The entity elected, and which held the Security Council seat for the first five months of membership, was South Yemen: unification with North Yemen occurred during the time of membership. |
1 | Azerbaijan | 2012 | 2012 | E. European | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2013. Was part of the Soviet Union during its 45 years of Security Council membership |
1 | Guatemala | 2012 | 2012 | GRULAC | Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2013 |
1 | Liberia | 1961 | 1961 | African |
The following countries have made known their applications for future United Nations Security Council membership:
Africa | Asia-Pacific | Eastern Europe | GRULAC | WEOG | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2012 | ? | Bhutan, Cambodia | - | ? | Australia, Finland, Luxembourg |
2013 | ? | ? | ? | ? | - |
2014 | ? | ? | - | ? | New Zealand, Spain, Turkey |
2015 | ? | Japan | Ukraine | ? | - |
2016 | ? | ? | - | ? | Italy[10] |
2018 | ? | ? | - | ? | Belgium[11] |
2020 | ? | ? | - | ? | Ireland[12] |
2021 | ? | ? | Albania[13] | ? | - |
2022 | ? | ? | - | ? | Switzerland[14] |
2024 | ? | ? | - | ? | Greece[15] |
2029 | ? | ? | Croatia[16] | ? | - |
Serbia[17], as member of the Eastern European Group has also expressed their wishes to apply for United Nations Security Council membership in the future, but did not specify any terms.
As of July 2011, there are currently 193 members of the United Nations and only five permanent members of the Security Council. This means that the other ten seats are assigned amongst the remaining 188 members. As a result, many members have never been on the Security Council. The following list is a summary of all such countries, currently containing 72 modern nations and three historical ones. The three historical UN members listed are Tanganyika, Zanzibar, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form Tanzania in 1964, while the FR Yugoslavia eventually dissolved into Montenegro and Serbia in 2006. All the other historical members were, at one time or another, represented in the UNSC.
Indicates former United Nations member
UN Member state | Regional Group | Security Council membership as part of another entity |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Asian | |
Albania | E. European | |
Andorra | WEOG | |
Antigua and Barbuda | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1632 to 1 November 1980 |
Armenia | E. European | Was part of the Soviet Union from 29 November 1920 to 25 December 1991 |
Bahamas | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1717 to 10 July 1973 |
Barbados | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1625 to 30 November 1966 |
Belize | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1862 to 21 September 1981 |
Bhutan | Asian | |
Brunei | Asian | Was a protectorate of the United Kingdom from 1888 to 1984, and was occupied by Japan from 1941 to 1945 |
Cambodia | Asian | Was a colony of France from 1863 to 9 November 1953 |
Central African Republic | African | Was a colony of France from 1894 to 13 August 1960 |
Chad | African | Was a colony of France from 1900 to 11 August 1960 |
Comoros | African | Was a colony of France from 1841 to 6 July 1975 |
Cyprus | Asian | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 5 November 1914 to 16 August 1960 |
Democratic People's Republic of Korea | Asian | |
Dominica | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1783 to 3 November 1978 |
Dominican Republic | GRULAC | |
El Salvador | GRULAC | |
Equatorial Guinea | African | Equatorial Guinea was a colony of Spain until 1968, but Spain's first term on the UNSC was in 1969 |
Eritrea | African | Was under the administration of the United Kingdom from 1941 to 1947, then a United Nations Trust Territory from 1947 to 1952, then part of Ethiopia from 1952 to 24 May 1993 |
Estonia | E. European | Was part of the Soviet Union from 1944 to 20 August 1991 |
Fiji | Asian | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1874 to 10 October 1970 |
Georgia | E. European | Was part of the Soviet Union from 25 February 1921 to 25 December 1991 |
Grenada | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1763 to 7 February 1974 |
Haiti | GRULAC | |
Iceland | WEOG | |
Israel | None / WEOG[18] | Was a League of Nations mandate under United Kingdom administration from 25 April 1920 to 14 May 1948 |
Kazakhstan | Asian | Was part of the Soviet Union from 26 April 1920 to 25 December 1991 |
Kiribati | Asian / None[19] | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1892 to 12 July 1979 |
Kyrgyzstan | Asian | Was part of the Soviet Union from 1 February 1926 to 25 December 1991 |
Laos | Asian | Was a colony of France from 1893 to 19 July 1949 |
Latvia | E. European | Was part of the Soviet Union from 5 August 1940 to 6 September 1991 |
Lesotho | African | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1884 to 4 October 1966 |
Liechtenstein | WEOG | |
Lithuania | E. European | Was part of the Soviet Union from 3 August 1940 to 11 May 1990 |
Luxembourg | WEOG | |
Macedonia | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia from 29 November 1943 to 3 April 1993 |
Malawi | African | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1891 to 6 July 1964 |
Maldives | Asian | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1887 to 26 July 1965 |
Marshall Islands | Asian | Was part of the League of Nations South Pacific Mandate under Japanese administration from 28 June 1919 to 17 July 1947, then part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the administration of the United States from 17 July 1947 to 21 October 1986 |
Federated States of Micronesia | Asian | Was part of the League of Nations South Pacific Mandate under Japanese administration from 28 June 1919 to 17 July 1947, then part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the administration of the United States from 17 July 1947 to 3 November 1986 |
Moldova | E. European | Was part of the Soviet Union from 28 June 1940 to 25 December 1991 |
Monaco | WEOG | |
Mongolia | Asian | |
Montenegro | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia from 29 November 1943 to 28 April 1992 [20] |
Mozambique | African | Mozambique was a colony of Portugal from 1498 to 25 June 1975, but Portugal's first term on the UNSC was in 1979 |
Myanmar | Asian | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1824 to 4 January 1948 |
Nauru | Asian | Was a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand from 1 January 1946 to 31 January 1968 |
Palau | Asian | Was part of the League of Nations South Pacific Mandate under Japanese administration from 28 June 1919 to 17 July 1947, then part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the administration of the United States from 17 July 1947 to 1 October 1994 |
Papua New Guinea | Asian | Was a colony of Australia until 16 September 1975 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1713 to 19 September 1983 |
Saint Lucia | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1803 to 22 February 1979 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | GRULAC | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1783 to 27 October 1979 |
Samoa | Asian | Was a League of Nations mandate under the administration of New Zealand from 17 December 1920 to 25 January 1947, then a United Nations Trust Territory under the administration of New Zealand from 25 January 1947 to 1 January 1962 |
San Marino | WEOG | |
São Tomé and Príncipe | African | São Tomé and Príncipe was a colony of Portugal from 1471 to 12 July 1975, but Portugal's first term on the UNSC was in 1979 |
Saudi Arabia | Asian | |
Serbia | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia from 31 January 1946 to 27 April 1992 [21] |
Seychelles | African | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 29 June 1976 |
Solomon Islands | Asian | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1893 to 7 July 1978 |
South Sudan | African | Was part of Sudan from the country's independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt on 1 January 1956 to 9 July 2011 |
Suriname | GRULAC | Was a colony of the Netherlands from 1667 to 25 November 1975 |
Swaziland | African | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 6 September 1968 |
Switzerland | WEOG | |
Tajikistan | Asian | Was part of the Soviet Union from 14 October 1924 to 25 December 1991 |
Tanganyika | Commonwealth Seat | Was a League of Nations mandate under the administration of the United Kingdom from 20 July 1922 to 11 December 1946, then a United Nations Trust Territory under the administration of the United Kingdom until 9 December 1962, then independent until federation with Zanzibar to form Tanzania |
Timor-Leste | Asian | During the existence of the United Nations, Timor Leste has been a colony of Portugal (until 28 November 1975) and occupied by Indonesia (until 1999); Indonesia was a Security Council member in 1995-6. |
Tonga | Asian | Was a protectorate of the United Kingdom from 18 May 1900 to 4 June 1970 |
Turkmenistan | Asian | Was part of the Soviet Union from 13 May 1925 to 8 December 1991 |
Tuvalu | Asian | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1892 to 1 October 1978 |
Uzbekistan | Asian | Was part of the Soviet Union from 13 May 1925 to 25 December 1991 |
Vanuatu | Asian | Was a Condominium under joint sovereignty of the United Kingdom and France from 1906 to 30 July 1980 |
Zanzibar | Commonwealth Seat | Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 27 August 1896 to 10 December 1963, then independent until federation with Tanganyika to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964. |
FR Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia from 29 November 1943 to 27 April 1992 |
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